I'm pretty excited about my guest post on
Banned From Baby Showers today!! Check out Donna's blog...she's a good friend and knows her natural birth stuff!!
Here's my post!
I've always considered myself an advocate of all things 'natural'. A bit of a
hippie in high heels, well, wedges to be exact. I've never wanted my children
to be exposed to anything artificial or harmful and have always wanted to give
them a gentle start to life. Of course, all of that starts at pregnancy and
birth, so naturally I expected and planned natural births and to breastfeed my
babies.
The
benefits of natural birth are far to strong to ignore...including but not
limited to:
*
Baby coming when ready (lower NICU rates, longer gestation means better brain
development (ref 01)
*
Immediate skin to skin contact (better bonding)
*
Delayed cord clamping (increased levels of iron, lower risk of anemia, fewer
transfusions, and fewer incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage) (ref
02)
*
Immediate ability to breastfeed (ref 03)
*
Faster, easier recovery
* No
scarring on uterus, so no increased risk of uterine rupture or other effects on
future pregnancies
For many of us, the desire to birth naturally is based
largely on the emotional aspect of birth. It's what WE as women want to be able
to do. There are FAR too many emotional benefits to natural birth to list. The
glorious hormones received after an uninterrupted birth have been talked about
by advocates of natural birth for many years. The famous French Obstetrician,
Michel Odent says, "Oxytocin is the hormone of love, and to give birth without
releasing this complex cocktail of love chemicals disturbs the first contact
between the mother and the baby." He says that any interruption of that process
is damaging to the mother/baby bond including any induction or augmentation of
labor. Artificial oxytocin does not have the same effects as natural
oxytocin.
Unfortunately my journey to birth took a very medical twist,
despite having good information and support. Fourteen years after my first
pregnancy, my natural birth score card read 3 to 1. That's right, 3 c-sections
and 1 natural VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Cesarean -- I had a VBA3C). Despite the
odds, my bond with my babies was strong and I learned to advocate for my own
health. I have always thirsted for knowledge and continued researching
risks/benefits of both VBAC and RCS (repeat cesarean section) since the birth of
my first child in 1996. I'm a bit of a sponge with statistics and numbers and
love to share that information with others. I want women to make truly informed
decisions about the kind of birth they want, but they can only do that if they
are given ALL the information. I'm sorry if the numbers below make your head
spin, but they are SO important...especially in these days where c-sections are
treated like lollipops and being handed out to every woman who (thinks she)
wants one. Here's a little of what I've learned over the years.
The
risks of VBAC carry the same risks as vaginal birth, but also the same
benefits. The major difference is the increased risk in uterine rupture. Did
you know that women who have never had a scarred uterus can have a uterine
rupture? According to a 12 years study in 1983, the uterine rupture rate in an
unscarred uterus is 1 in 16,840 or about 0.006%. (ref 1) 7 of the 10
cases of rupture were reported in women who either had used oxytocin or
prostaglandins to augment or induce labor.
Finding the rupture rate for a
scarred uterus is a little more complicated because there are so many
variables that have to be considered that can increase risk of uterine
rupture.
But let's keep it as simple as we can for now. In an Australian
study of over 29,000 women, the risk of uterine rupture in spontaneous labor
without augmentation after one prior incision was 0.15%. (ref
2) Once you introduce labor augmenting and induction drugs, the risk of
uterine rupture increases from 3-14 fold and jumps to 1.91%.
The
conclusion of this study was NOT that women shouldn't VBAC, it was that "careful
consideration should be given to the use of oxytocin for augmentation of labour
or induction by any method for women with a previous caesarean" Because that's
where the true risk lies.
In the summer of 2010, ACOG revised it's VBAC guidelines to say "VBAC is a
safe and reasonable option for most women, including some women with multiple
previous cesareans, twins and unknown uterine scars. ACOG also states that
respect for patient autonomy requires that even if an institution does not offer
trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC), a cesarean cannot be forced nor can care
be denied if a woman declines a repeat cesarean during labor." (ref
3)
I read a story the other day of a mother who was attempting a VBA2C.
Her OB seemed supportive up to 38 weeks and then he informed her that she would
be having a RCS. The mother printed the ACOG guidelines and when presented to
her OB, he said he had never seen it. The c-section appointment was cancelled
and that mother was given more time. I suspect there are MANY OBs, nurses, and
other medical professionals who don't know about the ACOG statement... sad but
true. We often hear about the risks of c-sections, and not many people I know
really want to have a primary c-section but after they've had that first one,
there is a belief in this area that a repeat c-section is safer than attempting
a VBAC. How true is this?
After you've had your first c-section, you have a choice to have a RCS or
to VBAC. If you are only going to have ONE more child, your risks during your
second surgery still skyrocket, but after 2 c-sections, the risks are downright
scary.
Some of the risks of RCS include but are not limited to:
* Hysterectomy
* Blood transfusion
* Placenta accreta
* uterine rupture
* additional surgery due to hemorrhage
* injury to the bladder or bowel
* thromboembolism
* excessive blood loss
* cystotomy
* bowel injury
* ureteral injury
* and ileus (bowel obstruction)
* the need for postoperative ventilation
* intensive care unit admission
* duration of operative time and hospital stay significantly increased with
increasing number of cesarean deliveries (ref 5)
* lower breastfeeding rates
* immediate skin to skin more difficult
* delayed cord clamping much harder
* harder/longer recovery
* scheduled delivery means baby could be premature (higher incidences of
NICU stays)
Some long term risks are:
* Scar tissue/adhesions (can cause
any number of issues, pain, fertility problems, etc.)
* Endometriosis and Adenomyosis can be caused from scarring on the
uterus resulting in surgery and hysterectomy years after c-section
The charts below are from ICAN.
1st C-section Risk of hysterectomy: 0.65%
Risk of
blood transfusion: 4.05%
Risk of placenta accreta: 0.24%
| 2nd C-section |
1st VBAC |
| Risk of major complications: 4.3% |
Chance of successful VBAC: 63.3% |
| Risk of placenta accreta: 0.31% |
Risk of uterine rupture: 0.87% |
| Risk of hysterectomy: 0.42% |
Risk of hysterectomy: 0.23% |
| Risk of blood transfusion: 1.53% |
Risk of blood transfusion: 1.89% |
| Risk of dense adhesions: 21.6% |
|
| 3rd C-section |
2nd VBAC |
| Risk of major complications: 7.5% |
Chance of successful VBAC: 87.6% |
| Risk of placenta accreta: 0.57% |
Risk of uterine rupture: 0.45% |
| Risk of hysterectomy: 0.9% |
Risk of hysterectomy: 0.17% |
| Risk of blood transfusion: 2.26% |
Risk of blood transfusion: 1.24% |
| Risk of dense adhesion's: 32.2% |
|
| 4th C-section |
3rd VBAC |
| Risk of major complications: 12.5% |
Chance of successful VBAC: 90.9% |
| Risk of placenta accreta: 2.13% |
Risk of uterine rupture: 0.38% |
| Risk of hysterectomy: 2.41% |
Risk of hysterectomy: 0.06% |
| Risk of blood transfusion: 3.65% |
Risk of blood transfusion: 0.99% |
| Risk of dense adhesion's: 42.2% |
|
5th C-section: placenta accreta: 2.33%
hysterectomy
3.49%
in the women with previa, the risk for accreta was 61%
(ref
5)
6th (or more) C-section: placenta accreta: 6.74%,
hysterectomy
8.99%,
in the women with previa, the risk for accreta was 67% (ref
5)
Additionally, the risk of accreta for women who had previa was 3%, 11%,
40% for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd c/sections. (ref 5)
NOTE: "Major complications" include one or more of the
following: uterine rupture, hysterectomy, additional surgery due to
hemorrhage, injury to the bladder or bowel, thromboembolism, and/or excessive
blood loss.
(ref 4)
There was a study done with over 30,000 women
having their 1st c/section up to their 6th (or more) c-section over a 4-year
period that concluded,
"Because serious maternal morbidity increases
progressively with increasing number of cesarean deliveries, the number of
intended pregnancies should be considered during counseling regarding elective
repeat cesarean operation versus a trial of labor and when debating the merits
of elective primary cesarean delivery." (ref 5) This study alone
should deter ANYONE from wanting to have multiple c-sections.
If you want
more info on the risks and benefits of VBAC and RCS,
www.ICAN-online.org is a
fantastic place to start.
www.VBACfacts.com is good, factual information.
www.specialscars.org is
for women who have had 'different' types of uterine scars, including classical,
T, inverted T, J, myomectomy or other uterine scarring.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21713130
(ref 01)
http://www.bellybelly.com.au/birth/cord-clamping-delaying-cord-clamping (ref
02)
http://www.llli.org/llleaderweb/lv/lvaprmay05p40.html
(ref 03)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9166298 (ref
1)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716251
(ref 2)
http://blog.ican-online.org/2010/07/21/ican-responds-to-new-acog-guidelines-on-vbac/ (ref
3)
http://icanofomaha.webs.com/vbacorrepeatcesarean.htm (ref
4)
http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2006/06000/Maternal_Morbidity_Associated_With_Multiple_Repeat.4.aspx (ref
5)